Dictionary Summary: A wine-vat, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines ([Josh. 13:3](/josh#Josh.13.3)) on which the ark brought calamity ([1 Sam. 5:8](/1sam#1Sam.5.8), [9](/1sam#1Sam.5.9); 6:17). It was famous also as being the birthplace or residence of Goliath ([1 Sam. 17:4](/1sam#1Sam.17.4)). David fled from Saul to Achish, king of Gath ([1 Sam. 21:10](/1sam#1Sam.21.10); [27:2-4](/1sam#1Sam.27.2); [Ps. 56](/ps#Ps.56)), and his connection with it will account for the words in [2 Sam. 1:20](/2sam#2Sam.1.20). It was afterwards conquered by David ([2 Sam. 8:1](/2sam#2Sam.8.1)). It occupied a strong position on the borders of Judah and Philistia ([1 Sam. 21:10](/1sam#1Sam.21.10); [1 Chr. 18:1](/1chr#1Chr.18.1)). Its site has been identified with the hill called Tell esSafieh, the Alba Specula of the Middle Ages, which rises 695 feet above the plain on its east edge. It is noticed on monuments about B.C. 1500. (See METHEGAMMAH.) ²